Summary of Interesting Results Here are some of the newest, most interesting results of the study: tbd

Marasmius - click to expand Capable of drying out and reviving, typically with widely spaced gills and tough stems. Note that this describes other genera in other families in this sub-order as well. Species mentioned: Marasmius cohaerens, limosus, oreades, plicatulus, tremulae, curreyi. Species no longer found in Marasmius: M. caricis, caricicola, epidryas, undatus, epiphyllus (see Physalacriaceae)   Marasmius oreades EU - a rather robust (for Marasmius), tan species growing in grass in the spring. It sometimes has a wavy cap with an upturned margin. It is famous as one of our species likely to grow in fairy rings. Our sequences from BC and WA match most EU sequences, but not all of them. Until we get a type sequence I am assuming ours is the real species. Marasmius oreades © Steve Trudell   Marasmius cf cohaerens EU - another robust species, but a little more brightly coloured species with a two-toned stem (pale on top and red-brown on the bottom) found on hardwood debris. We have EU sequences that don't agree with each other, so there may be two competing concepts for what this species is as well, or perhaps the two sequences represent the two varieties. var. cohaerens is said to have distant gills and is found on leaves and humus. var. lachnophyllus is said to have more closely spaced gills and is found on hardwood logs and twigs. We don't have any local sequences to see how ours match up yet, but at lesat var. cohaerens that is reported from the PNW. Marasmius plicatulus CA - similarly sized sometimes with a gorgeous red cap that may be somewhat velvety and an more uniformly dark stem. Even when the red cap has faded and the velvety texture has been lost and it starts to resemble M. cohaerens, the stem will still be at least somewhat darker at the top. A half dozen sequences from BC through OR are the same, but rumour has it CA has more than one species, so we should get more collections from there to verify that ours is the real species and that we only have one local species. Marasmius cf cohaerens var. cohaerens © Michael Beug,     M. plicatulus © Kurt Steinbach and Kitty Lundeen   Marasmius cf limosus EU - a very small whitish species (<0.25 cm across) with very few gills attached to a collarium and a two-toned stem. It is striate, but with only a few gills, it has only a few pleats. Growing on grasses and sedges. The small Collybiopsis and Pseudomarasmius are not this small and do not have a collarium. We have EU sequences, but no local sequences to confirm ours is the same thing. We need local collections. Marasmius cf tremulae EU - an equally small whitish species lacking a collarium and with a short, bristly white stem. It needs genus verification to show it really belongs in Marasmius and sequences from both the EU and here to verify its reports. Marasmius curreyi UK - a very small orange to brick red pleated capped species with very few gills, a collarium and a two-toned stem, growing on grasses with very long spores (>14u). It was not known from the PNW until a recent collection was sequenced. Our sequence matches an EU sequence, but it's not the type, so for now I'm assuming we know what the DNA looks like. Marasmius CA01 - a somewhat small (caps are ~1 cm across) species with a brown pleated cap and distant gills, where the pleats in the cap make a cool rounded shape to the space between the gills. The stem is tri-toned reddish-orange-brown. It is most often found in CA, but has been found once in sourthern OR. possible Marasmius limosus © A and O Ceska,     M. curreyi © Yi-Min Wang (2 images),     M. CA01 © Mike Potts

Crinipellis - click to expand Crinipellis have matted hairs on the cap and a tough, thin dark stem. I should note that my ITS only tree shows that Crinipellis may be inside of Marasmius with 78% probability, but I believe other more robust studies may show it does indeed deserve its own genus. I await a more robust multi-gene study. Species mentioned: Crinipellis piceae, scabella, setipes.   Crinipellis cf piceae Siberia -on conifer needles, with a minute basal disc at the point of attachment. We might have SE Asian sequences of this Siberian species, but no type area sequences yet, nor any local sequences, so I can't yet say if we have the real thing here. Crinipellis scabella EU/C. setipes Peck - on hardwood debris or grasses or other plant debris. We have EU sequences of C. scabella (that fall into two groups of sequences that differ by 2% in ITS1) and ENA sequences of C. setipes and they are distinct species, so they do not appear to be synonyms are some have suggested. We don't yet have local sequences to know which of those species is the one found once in BC, pictured below. Crinipellis cf. piceae © Noah Siegel,     C. cf. scabella/stipitata © Sharon Godkin

Campanella/Tetrapyrgos/Metacampanella/etc. - click to expand Typically thought of as pleurotoid on stems with rudimentary cross-veined folds, but also contains the former 'Marasmiellus' candidus, also found on stems. As noted in the introduction, this does not belong in the Marasmiaceae as currently defined, so the Marasmiaceae should probably be expanded to include the Omphalotaceae. The paper that segregated Metacampanella noted that if the three genera in this section are kept apart, a half dozen more genera will need to be described. I think it would be better to combine them into one genus, Campanella, instead of necessitating the creation of many more obscure, tiny genera. You might want to think of all these as Campanella. Species mentioned: Marasmiellus candidus, tricolor. Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora.   'Marasmiellus' 'candidus CA01' - white marasmioid turning pink in age, with a black-bottomed stem, found on sticks. The nomenclature is a mess. Even the original EU species can't keep the name Campanella candida as there is already another mushroom by that name. Ours needs a new genus name. The problem is, this and Marasmiellus tricolor, next, along with at least 4 other species each need their own genus, unless everything in this section is combined into a larger concept of Campanella. If this species goes into Campanella, it must be given a new species epithet as Campanella candida is already taken. Marasmiellus has gone away, replaced by the older name Collybiopsis. Our DNA is 2% different than EU DNA. Eastern NA might have their own unique species too. 'Marasmiellus' 'tricolor PNW01' - as with 'Marasmiellus' candidus, this would need its own unique genus name if this whole section isn't considered to be a wider concept of Campanella. It is similar to the above species, but with a somewhat textured cap and growing on the ground in fens (thus the stems will not curve). It was not known before one OR sequence popped up, although CA has a similar species. Our sequences are over 1% different than EU and ENA sequences, and the type is probably from either the EU or ENA. 'Marasmiellus' 'candidus CA01' © Daniel Winkler and Danny Miller,     'Marasmiellus' 'tricolor PNW01' © Connor Dooley   Metacampanella subdendrophora BC (=Tetrapyrgos subdendrophora) - <1 cm across growing on grasses and herbaceous stems with cross-veined rudimentary gills and a tiny off-centre stem. It can stain dark bluish grey and the flesh is somewhat gelatinous. ITS suggested this needed its own genus outside of both Campanella and Tetrapyrgos, and a 2-gene ITS and LSU study confirmed it. The new genus was going to be called Pseudocampanella but they decided on Metacampanella. However, that very paper showed that Campanella will need to be split much more unless everything in this section is considered to be Campanella, which I think it should. Metacampanella washingtonensis n.p. ("veiny") - very similar but larger, >1 cm across, probably even more cross-veined and usually without a stem, growing on wood. This has the same ITS sequence as the former species and can't be distinguished by that gene. Metacampanella subdendrophora © Fred Rhoades,     M. washingtonensis n.p. "veiny" © Noah Siegel

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